Charles Tilly’s Durable Inequality Theory (DIT) asserts that inequality is the result of institutions that use categories such as age, race, and gender, to maintain control of valuable resources for the dominant group. According to Tilly (as cited in Lorant and Bhopal 2011, 672), inequality is sustained through four basic mechanisms. They are:
DIT states that matching interior categories within institutions with exterior categories reinforces inequality making inequality durable through the facilitation of exploitation and opportunity hoarding (Lorant and Bhopal 2011, 672).
The mechanisms that sustain inequality perpetuate malnutrition through exploiting subordinate categories therefore restricting full access to the resources necessary for food security, and by keeping a monopoly over food and non-food resources, thereby controlling food prices and access to food. This is seen where people find themselves living in food deserts without access to affordable nutritious food. Meanwhile, emulation and adaptation work to normalize and perpetuate which categories experience malnutrition, as the hierarchy in the current global capitalist food system emulates the general global market and lower classes are forced to think of food as energy for survival, while higher classes may use food as symbols of status (Bourdieu, as cited in Koc 2016).
- Exploitation: When individuals use their resources to extract something of value from others.
- Opportunity hoarding: When a category of people monopolize resources.
- Emulation: The copying of established organisational models from one setting to another
- Adaptation: A routine that facilitates social interaction, ensuring the normalisation of inequalities within daily discourse
DIT states that matching interior categories within institutions with exterior categories reinforces inequality making inequality durable through the facilitation of exploitation and opportunity hoarding (Lorant and Bhopal 2011, 672).
The mechanisms that sustain inequality perpetuate malnutrition through exploiting subordinate categories therefore restricting full access to the resources necessary for food security, and by keeping a monopoly over food and non-food resources, thereby controlling food prices and access to food. This is seen where people find themselves living in food deserts without access to affordable nutritious food. Meanwhile, emulation and adaptation work to normalize and perpetuate which categories experience malnutrition, as the hierarchy in the current global capitalist food system emulates the general global market and lower classes are forced to think of food as energy for survival, while higher classes may use food as symbols of status (Bourdieu, as cited in Koc 2016).
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